See alam on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alama",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-õpik",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "2/õpik",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaisse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamates",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamalt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamailt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaiks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "alama",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "alama",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"g": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alama",
"2": "alama"
},
"expansion": "alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alam",
"2": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-õpik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian õpik-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alam-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing"
],
"id": "en-alam-et-noun-NBFA8j9h",
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alam (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜮᜫ᜴)",
"name": "hnn-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanunoo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanunoo terms with Hanunoo script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanunoo terms with missing Hanunoo script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "maalaman"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
"english": "I know.",
"text": "Magkaalaman yi niko.",
"translation": "I know.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge; understanding; comprehension"
],
"id": "en-alam-hnn-noun-k2v1zQVE",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"understand",
"understand"
],
[
"comprehension",
"comprehension"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lɐm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "álam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "álam"
},
"expansion": "álam",
"name": "hil-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a",
"lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kaalam"
},
{
"word": "maalam"
},
{
"word": "mag-alam"
},
{
"word": "paalam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge, learning"
],
"id": "en-alam-hil-noun-6dnldYrF",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lam]"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alami"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alamiah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alamin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beralam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kealaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam ajsam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam akhirat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam arwah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam astral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam baka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam barzakh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam bawah sadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam bebas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam benda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam besar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam dunia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam fana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam gaib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam ghaib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam hewan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam hewani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam kabir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam kecil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam kekal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam kelanggengan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam kubur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam lepas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam liar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam malakut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam maya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam mimpi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam misal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam nabati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam pikiran"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam rahim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam raya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam rendah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam sadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam sagir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam samar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam semesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam terbuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam tertutup"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam tinggi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam tumbuh-tumbuhan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alam tumbuhan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gas alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ilmu alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ilmu pengetahuan alam"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay alam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay alam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "عالم",
"tr": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay عالم (alam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alam-alam",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alam (plural alam-alam)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-~kKdvgJ0",
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semesta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 14 28 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 10 6 6 2 6 5 4 1 2 5 2 2 5 6 0 8 6 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 7 11 7 6 1 6 5 4 0 1 6 1 1 6 7 0 8 7 0 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-FTnIT7~x",
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semula jadi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 14 28 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-SG6kYiTR",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buana"
},
{
"word": "dunia"
},
{
"word": "jagat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 14 28 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 10 6 6 2 6 5 4 1 2 5 2 2 5 6 0 8 6 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 7 11 7 6 1 6 5 4 0 1 6 1 1 6 7 0 8 7 0 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-o7-GYyb1",
"links": [
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daerah"
},
{
"word": "kerajaan"
},
{
"word": "negeri"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.lam]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "berpengalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mengalami"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman hitam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman keluar jasad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman manis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman pahit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman praktis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman pribadi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman rohaniah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pengalaman spiritual"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَلَم",
"t": "flag, banner; authority, distinguished man"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 14 28 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"banner, standard"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-blWJC1b8",
"links": [
[
"banner",
"banner"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bendera"
},
{
"word": "panji"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 14 28 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura"
],
"id": "en-alam-id-noun-noLqAzR2"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.lam]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kavalan",
"lang_code": "ckv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kavalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bird"
],
"id": "en-alam-ckv-noun-elF57swP",
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lac",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lacandon",
"lang_code": "lac",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lacandon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down"
],
"id": "en-alam-lac-adv-kIrsRRLY",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 48 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of alō:",
"first-person singular future active indicative"
],
"id": "en-alam-la-verb-RWPn7mBW",
"links": [
[
"alō",
"alo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 48 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of alō:",
"first-person singular present active subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-alam-la-verb-dUsFLUsf",
"links": [
[
"alō",
"alo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.ɫãː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.lam]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ālam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "ālam"
},
"expansion": "ālam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "āla"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of āla"
],
"id": "en-alam-la-noun-rZy5Cb9w",
"links": [
[
"āla",
"ala#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ɫãː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.lam]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:عَالَم<id:world>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Aramaic\", \"term\" : \"עָלְמָא\", \"lang\" : \"arc\" }, { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Syriac\", \"term\" : \"ܥܳܠܡܳܐ\", \"lang\" : \"syc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"عَالَم\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Malay\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ms\" }\" data-lang=\"ms\" data-title=\"alam\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم",
"t": "world; universe",
"tr": "ʿālam"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʿālam, “world; universe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic عَالَم (ʿālam, “world; universe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "عالم",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "alam-alam",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alam²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "عالم"
},
"expansion": "alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam or alam²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a",
"lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"english": "experienced",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "experienced",
"word": "berpengalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"english": "to be experienced",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to be experienced",
"word": "dialami"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"english": "to experience; to undergo",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to experience; to undergo",
"word": "mengalami"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"english": "experience",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "experience",
"word": "pengalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "the hereafter; the next world",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the hereafter; the next world",
"word": "alam baka"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "afterlife",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "afterlife",
"word": "alam baqa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "the period between death and resurrection (Islam)",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the period between death and resurrection (Islam)",
"word": "alam barzakh"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "the unseen world; supernatural realm",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the unseen world; supernatural realm",
"word": "alam ghaib"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "virtual world; cyberspace",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "virtual world; cyberspace",
"word": "alam maya"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "real world; reality",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "real world; reality",
"word": "alam nyata"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "environment",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "environment",
"word": "alam sekitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"english": "universe",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "universe",
"word": "alam semesta"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The nature view in the village is very beautiful.",
"text": "Pemandangan alam di kampung itu sangat indah.",
"translation": "The nature view in the village is very beautiful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
40,
51
]
],
"english": "We must maintain the cleanliness of the environment.",
"text": "Kita mesti menjaga kebersihan alam sekitar.",
"translation": "We must maintain the cleanliness of the environment.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nature; the natural environment (the physical world including plants, animals, and landscapes)."
],
"id": "en-alam-ms-noun-YsQPsP5f",
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semula jadi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
31
]
],
"english": "God created the entire universe.",
"text": "Tuhan mencipta seluruh alam.",
"translation": "God created the entire universe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
],
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"english": "He lives in his own fantasy world.",
"text": "Dia hidup dalam alam fantasinya sendiri.",
"translation": "He lives in his own fantasy world.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; universe; realm (the earth, all of space, or a particular sphere of existence or activity)."
],
"id": "en-alam-ms-noun-uTZSL9Ai",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dunia"
},
{
"word": "buana"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lam]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"herd, flock"
],
"id": "en-alam-sga-noun--RMY3F1q",
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of alar"
],
"id": "en-alam-pt-verb-QQRN1hDc",
"links": [
[
"alar",
"alar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "phi-pro:*adam",
"id": "knowledge",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-id=\"knowledge\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"alam\" id=\"Tagalog:_knowledge\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wise; intelligent; experienced"
},
"expansion": "“wise; intelligent; experienced”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hnn",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hanunoo alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "ayam"
},
"expansion": "Asi ayam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "aram"
},
"expansion": "Central Bikol aram",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "aeam"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon aeam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "aram"
},
"expansion": "Waray-Waray aram",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "nature; world; experience",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم",
"t": "world, universe"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "arc",
"3": "עָלְמָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic עָלְמָא",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "he",
"3": "עוֹלָם",
"tr": "ʿōlām"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "akk",
"3": "𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀",
"ts": "ellamu, illamu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pengalaman"
},
"expansion": "Malay pengalaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r"
},
"expansion": "⟨r⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "l"
},
"expansion": "⟨l⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Central Philippine *adam (“wise; intelligent; experienced”) according to Zorc (1979). Compare Hanunoo alam, Asi ayam, Central Bikol aram, Aklanon aeam, Hiligaynon alam, Waray-Waray aram.\nAlternatively, possibly borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Malay pengalaman. However, Wolff (1976) argued that the Philippine cognates make this connection less likely because the consonants such as ⟨r⟩ in the place of ⟨l⟩ would not be expected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alám",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alám,+",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 3 12 15 3 23 19 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 4 11 13 2 18 22 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge; learning; wisdom"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-IUnpv4r1",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "talino"
},
{
"word": "dunong"
},
{
"word": "taho"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 3 12 15 3 23 19 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 8 8 12 4 15 8 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 4 11 13 2 18 22 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"understanding; sense"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-mu2Ho0NR",
"links": [
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unawa"
},
{
"word": "taho"
},
{
"word": "tanto"
},
{
"word": "intindi"
},
{
"word": "lirip"
},
{
"word": "arok"
},
{
"word": "batid"
},
{
"word": "kabatiran"
},
{
"word": "komprensiyon"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"involvement; participation"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-qUYO4aNf",
"links": [
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
],
[
"participation",
"participation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 4 10 4 3 10 11 1 34 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 6 15 17 2 25 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 5 13 16 1 26 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 3 12 15 3 23 19 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 8 8 12 4 15 8 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 4 11 13 2 18 22 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"english": "The kindness of your heart is too great.",
"text": "Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.",
"translation": "The kindness of your heart is too great.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"goodwill; kindheartedness"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-Z8RvdMvS",
"links": [
[
"goodwill",
"goodwill"
],
[
"kindheartedness",
"kindheartedness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bait"
},
{
"word": "mabuting-loob"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 3 12 15 3 23 19 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 4 4 12 14 2 16 24 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 4 11 13 2 18 22 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gentleness; meekness"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-8peDcCYQ",
"links": [
[
"gentleness",
"gentleness"
],
[
"meekness",
"meekness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) gentleness; meekness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amo"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"affability"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-3Ta3sy9P",
"links": [
[
"affability",
"affability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) affability"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔaˈlam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐˈlam]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː.lɐm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alam mo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alam mo iyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alamin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bigay-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dalub-alaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hindi alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hindi ko alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ipaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ipagbigay-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaalam-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kawalang-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kinalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "magbigay-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "magkaalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "makaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "makialam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "makipag-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "malaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mapag-alaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mapakialam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nakaaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nakakaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagbibigay-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagbigay-alaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagbigyang-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagkaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagkakaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagmaalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pagmamaalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pakialam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pakialaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pakialamera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pakialamero"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pakikipag-alam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sumakaalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "umalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "walang-kinalaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "walang-nalalaman"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "phi-pro:*adam",
"id": "knowledge",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-id=\"knowledge\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"alam\" id=\"Tagalog:_knowledge\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wise; intelligent; experienced"
},
"expansion": "“wise; intelligent; experienced”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hnn",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hanunoo alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "ayam"
},
"expansion": "Asi ayam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "aram"
},
"expansion": "Central Bikol aram",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "aeam"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon aeam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "aram"
},
"expansion": "Waray-Waray aram",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "nature; world; experience",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم",
"t": "world, universe"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "arc",
"3": "עָלְמָא"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic עָלְמָא",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "he",
"3": "עוֹלָם",
"tr": "ʿōlām"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "akk",
"3": "𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀",
"ts": "ellamu, illamu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pengalaman"
},
"expansion": "Malay pengalaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r"
},
"expansion": "⟨r⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "l"
},
"expansion": "⟨l⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Central Philippine *adam (“wise; intelligent; experienced”) according to Zorc (1979). Compare Hanunoo alam, Asi ayam, Central Bikol aram, Aklanon aeam, Hiligaynon alam, Waray-Waray aram.\nAlternatively, possibly borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Malay pengalaman. However, Wolff (1976) argued that the Philippine cognates make this connection less likely because the consonants such as ⟨r⟩ in the place of ⟨l⟩ would not be expected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alám",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alám",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "malim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ulama"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 8 8 12 4 15 8 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"known; familiar"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-adj-D9vvcP8z",
"links": [
[
"known",
"known"
],
[
"familiar",
"familiar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batid"
},
{
"word": "lantad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 3 12 15 3 23 19 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 4 11 13 2 18 22 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-adj-AVYjRf52",
"links": [
[
"aware",
"aware"
],
[
"conscious",
"conscious"
],
[
"cognizant",
"cognizant"
],
[
"sensible",
"sensible"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batid"
},
{
"word": "tukoy"
},
{
"word": "taho"
},
{
"word": "tanto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 16 3 19 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear; understood"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-adj-iMg-tIMw",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"understood",
"understood"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "maliwanag"
},
{
"word": "naintindihan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔaˈlam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐˈlam]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː.lɐm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"id": "permission"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "now",
"3": "dialectal",
"4": "Batangas"
},
"expansion": "(now dialectal, Batangas)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 8 6 11 9 11 10 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Batangas Tagalog",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 3 6 12 18 1 16 13 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 8 8 12 4 15 8 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"permission"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-noun-~esziS0Y",
"links": [
[
"permission",
"permission"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pahintulot"
},
{
"word": "permiso"
}
],
"tags": [
"Batangas",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː.lɐm]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"id": "permission"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "now",
"3": "dialectal",
"4": "Batangas"
},
"expansion": "(now dialectal, Batangas)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "magpaalam"
},
{
"word": "magpaalaman"
},
{
"word": "makapagpaalam"
},
{
"word": "mamaalam"
},
{
"word": "paalam"
},
{
"word": "pagkapagpaalam"
},
{
"word": "pagpaalaman"
},
{
"word": "pagpapaalam"
},
{
"word": "pagpapaalaman"
},
{
"word": "pamamaalam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"granted permission to proceed; allowed"
],
"id": "en-alam-tl-adj-U-pndELq",
"links": [
[
"granted",
"granted"
],
[
"permission",
"permission"
],
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"allowed",
"allowed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pinahintulutan"
},
{
"word": "pinayagan"
}
],
"tags": [
"Batangas",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː.lɐm]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tft",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tft",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ternate entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world, universe"
],
"id": "en-alam-tft-noun-IfCd32M2",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.lam]"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "alarm"
},
"expansion": "English alarm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English alarm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alarm"
],
"id": "en-alam-tpi-noun-XpTsE5RC",
"links": [
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Umbuygamu",
"lang_code": "umg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbuygamu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hand"
],
"id": "en-alam-umg-noun-GwAXBqQY",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbuygamu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"finger"
],
"id": "en-alam-umg-noun-QAsYHIeE",
"links": [
[
"finger",
"finger"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[aˈlam]"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:عَلَم",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"عَلَم\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Uzbek\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"uz\" }\" data-lang=\"uz\" data-title=\"alam\">\nBorrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alamlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlardek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uz-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "alamim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alaming",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaring",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarining",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamiga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlariga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarida",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamidan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaridan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamidek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaridek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamimizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlarimizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alam (plural alamlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "uz-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz-noun",
"st": "",
"type": ""
},
"name": "uz-inflection"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flag"
],
"id": "en-alam-uz-noun-gH0PvK58",
"links": [
[
"flag",
"flag"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "sit-aao-pro",
"3": "*lam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central Naga *lam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*lum",
"t": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“to be warm”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of a root lam (see also related terms), from Proto-Central Naga *lam, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“to be warm”). Bruhn fails to detect this word family in Yimkhiung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yimchungru Naga",
"lang_code": "yim",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yimchungru Naga entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"warmth"
],
"id": "en-alam-yim-noun-7MdFoNWh",
"links": [
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lamlam"
}
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "alam-"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alama",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-õpik",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "2/õpik",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaisse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamates",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamail",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamalt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamailt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaiks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "alamana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamateta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alamaga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alamatega",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "alama",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "alama",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"g": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alama",
"2": "alama"
},
"expansion": "alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alam",
"2": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-õpik"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian õpik-type nominals",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing"
],
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "maalaman"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alam (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜮᜫ᜴)",
"name": "hnn-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hanunoo 2-syllable words",
"Hanunoo entries with incorrect language header",
"Hanunoo lemmas",
"Hanunoo nouns",
"Hanunoo terms with Hanunoo script",
"Hanunoo terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hanunoo terms with missing Hanunoo script entries",
"Hanunoo terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hanunoo/alam",
"Rhymes:Hanunoo/alam/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
"english": "I know.",
"text": "Magkaalaman yi niko.",
"translation": "I know.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge; understanding; comprehension"
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"understand",
"understand"
],
[
"comprehension",
"comprehension"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lɐm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kaalam"
},
{
"word": "maalam"
},
{
"word": "mag-alam"
},
{
"word": "paalam"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "álam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "álam"
},
"expansion": "álam",
"name": "hil-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a",
"lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiligaynon lemmas",
"Hiligaynon nouns",
"Hiligaynon terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge, learning"
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lam]"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/alam",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/alam/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alami"
},
{
"word": "alamiah"
},
{
"word": "alamin"
},
{
"word": "beralam"
},
{
"word": "kealaman"
},
{
"word": "alam ajsam"
},
{
"word": "alam akhirat"
},
{
"word": "alam arwah"
},
{
"word": "alam astral"
},
{
"word": "alam baka"
},
{
"word": "alam barzakh"
},
{
"word": "alam bawah sadar"
},
{
"word": "alam bebas"
},
{
"word": "alam benda"
},
{
"word": "alam besar"
},
{
"word": "alam dunia"
},
{
"word": "alam fana"
},
{
"word": "alam gaib"
},
{
"word": "alam ghaib"
},
{
"word": "alam hewan"
},
{
"word": "alam hewani"
},
{
"word": "alam kabir"
},
{
"word": "alam kecil"
},
{
"word": "alam kekal"
},
{
"word": "alam kelanggengan"
},
{
"word": "alam kubur"
},
{
"word": "alam lepas"
},
{
"word": "alam liar"
},
{
"word": "alam malakut"
},
{
"word": "alam maya"
},
{
"word": "alam mimpi"
},
{
"word": "alam misal"
},
{
"word": "alam nabati"
},
{
"word": "alam pikiran"
},
{
"word": "alam rahim"
},
{
"word": "alam raya"
},
{
"word": "alam rendah"
},
{
"word": "alam sadar"
},
{
"word": "alam sagir"
},
{
"word": "alam samar"
},
{
"word": "alam semesta"
},
{
"word": "alam terbuka"
},
{
"word": "alam tertutup"
},
{
"word": "alam tinggi"
},
{
"word": "alam tumbuh-tumbuhan"
},
{
"word": "alam tumbuhan"
},
{
"word": "gas alam"
},
{
"word": "ilmu alam"
},
{
"word": "ilmu pengetahuan alam"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay alam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay alam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "عالم",
"tr": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay عالم (alam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alam-alam",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alam (plural alam-alam)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself"
],
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semesta"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design"
],
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semula jadi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"world"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buana"
},
{
"word": "dunia"
},
{
"word": "jagat"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king"
],
"links": [
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daerah"
},
{
"word": "kerajaan"
},
{
"word": "negeri"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.lam]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/alam",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/alam/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berpengalaman"
},
{
"word": "mengalami"
},
{
"word": "pengalam"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman hitam"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman keluar jasad"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman manis"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman pahit"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman praktis"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman pribadi"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman rohaniah"
},
{
"word": "pengalaman spiritual"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَلَم",
"t": "flag, banner; authority, distinguished man"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"banner, standard"
],
"links": [
[
"banner",
"banner"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bendera"
},
{
"word": "panji"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.lam]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kavalan",
"lang_code": "ckv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kavalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Kavalan lemmas",
"Kavalan nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"bird"
],
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lac",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lacandon",
"lang_code": "lac",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lacandon adverbs",
"Lacandon entries with incorrect language header",
"Lacandon lemmas",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"down"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of alō:",
"first-person singular future active indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"alō",
"alo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of alō:",
"first-person singular present active subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"alō",
"alo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.ɫãː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.lam]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ālam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "ālam"
},
"expansion": "ālam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "āla"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of āla"
],
"links": [
[
"āla",
"ala#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ɫãː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.lam]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with etymon",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Aramaic",
"Malay terms derived from Classical Syriac",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Malay/am",
"Rhymes:Malay/am/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "experienced",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "experienced",
"word": "berpengalaman"
},
{
"english": "to be experienced",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to be experienced",
"word": "dialami"
},
{
"english": "to experience; to undergo",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to experience; to undergo",
"word": "mengalami"
},
{
"english": "experience",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "experience",
"word": "pengalaman"
},
{
"english": "the hereafter; the next world",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the hereafter; the next world",
"word": "alam baka"
},
{
"english": "afterlife",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "afterlife",
"word": "alam baqa"
},
{
"english": "the period between death and resurrection (Islam)",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the period between death and resurrection (Islam)",
"word": "alam barzakh"
},
{
"english": "the unseen world; supernatural realm",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "the unseen world; supernatural realm",
"word": "alam ghaib"
},
{
"english": "virtual world; cyberspace",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "virtual world; cyberspace",
"word": "alam maya"
},
{
"english": "real world; reality",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "real world; reality",
"word": "alam nyata"
},
{
"english": "environment",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "environment",
"word": "alam sekitar"
},
{
"english": "universe",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "universe",
"word": "alam semesta"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "alam"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:عَالَم<id:world>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Aramaic\", \"term\" : \"עָלְמָא\", \"lang\" : \"arc\" }, { \"id\" : \"world\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Syriac\", \"term\" : \"ܥܳܠܡܳܐ\", \"lang\" : \"syc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"عَالَم\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Malay\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ms\" }\" data-lang=\"ms\" data-title=\"alam\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم",
"t": "world; universe",
"tr": "ʿālam"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʿālam, “world; universe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic عَالَم (ʿālam, “world; universe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "عالم",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "alam-alam",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alam²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "عالم"
},
"expansion": "alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam or alam²)",
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}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a",
"lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The nature view in the village is very beautiful.",
"text": "Pemandangan alam di kampung itu sangat indah.",
"translation": "The nature view in the village is very beautiful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
40,
51
]
],
"english": "We must maintain the cleanliness of the environment.",
"text": "Kita mesti menjaga kebersihan alam sekitar.",
"translation": "We must maintain the cleanliness of the environment.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nature; the natural environment (the physical world including plants, animals, and landscapes)."
],
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semula jadi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
31
]
],
"english": "God created the entire universe.",
"text": "Tuhan mencipta seluruh alam.",
"translation": "God created the entire universe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
],
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
28,
33
]
],
"english": "He lives in his own fantasy world.",
"text": "Dia hidup dalam alam fantasinya sendiri.",
"translation": "He lives in his own fantasy world.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; universe; realm (the earth, all of space, or a particular sphere of existence or activity)."
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dunia"
},
{
"word": "buana"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔa.lam]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
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"lang_code": "sga",
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{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
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"Pages with entries"
],
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"herd, flock"
],
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[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
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"pos": "verb",
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"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
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{
"word": "alar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of alar"
],
"links": [
[
"alar",
"alar#Portuguese"
]
],
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"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
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],
"word": "alam"
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"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog adjectives",
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"Tagalog entries with etymon",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog nouns",
"Tagalog terms borrowed from Malay",
"Tagalog terms derived from Akkadian",
"Tagalog terms derived from Arabic",
"Tagalog terms derived from Aramaic",
"Tagalog terms derived from Hebrew",
"Tagalog terms derived from Malay",
"Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Philippine",
"Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Philippine",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
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"etymology_number": "1",
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{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "phi-pro:*adam",
"id": "knowledge",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"alam\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-id=\"knowledge\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"alam\" id=\"Tagalog:_knowledge\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wise; intelligent; experienced"
},
"expansion": "“wise; intelligent; experienced”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hnn",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hanunoo alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "ayam"
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"expansion": "Asi ayam",
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"2": "aram"
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"2": "aeam"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon aeam",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "alam"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon alam",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "aram"
},
"expansion": "Waray-Waray aram",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ms",
"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "nature; world; experience",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ar",
"3": "عَالَم",
"t": "world, universe"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "arc",
"3": "עָלְמָא"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "tl",
"2": "he",
"3": "עוֹלָם",
"tr": "ʿōlām"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "akk",
"3": "𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pengalaman"
},
"expansion": "Malay pengalaman",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "r"
},
"expansion": "⟨r⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "l"
},
"expansion": "⟨l⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Central Philippine *adam (“wise; intelligent; experienced”) according to Zorc (1979). Compare Hanunoo alam, Asi ayam, Central Bikol aram, Aklanon aeam, Hiligaynon alam, Waray-Waray aram.\nAlternatively, possibly borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Malay pengalaman. However, Wolff (1976) argued that the Philippine cognates make this connection less likely because the consonants such as ⟨r⟩ in the place of ⟨l⟩ would not be expected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alám",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "alam",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alám,+",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧lam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧lam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"knowledge; learning; wisdom"
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
],
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{
"word": "talino"
},
{
"word": "dunong"
},
{
"word": "taho"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"understanding; sense"
],
"links": [
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unawa"
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{
"word": "taho"
},
{
"word": "tanto"
},
{
"word": "intindi"
},
{
"word": "lirip"
},
{
"word": "arok"
},
{
"word": "batid"
},
{
"word": "kabatiran"
},
{
"word": "komprensiyon"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"involvement; participation"
],
"links": [
[
"involvement",
"involvement"
],
[
"participation",
"participation"
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},
{
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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19,
23
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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4,
12
]
],
"english": "The kindness of your heart is too great.",
"text": "Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.",
"translation": "The kindness of your heart is too great.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"goodwill; kindheartedness"
],
"links": [
[
"goodwill",
"goodwill"
],
[
"kindheartedness",
"kindheartedness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bait"
},
{
"word": "mabuting-loob"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"gentleness; meekness"
],
"links": [
[
"gentleness",
"gentleness"
],
[
"meekness",
"meekness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) gentleness; meekness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amo"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"affability"
],
"links": [
[
"affability",
"affability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) affability"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔaˈlam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔɐˈlam]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔalam/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʔaː.lɐm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alam"
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
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"Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Philippine",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alam mo"
},
{
"word": "alam mo iyon"
},
{
"word": "alaman"
},
{
"word": "alamin"
},
{
"word": "bigay-alam"
},
{
"word": "dalub-alaman"
},
{
"word": "hindi alam"
},
{
"word": "hindi ko alam"
},
{
"word": "ipaalam"
},
{
"word": "ipagbigay-alam"
},
{
"word": "kaalam"
},
{
"word": "kaalam-alam"
},
{
"word": "kaalaman"
},
{
"word": "kawalang-alam"
},
{
"word": "kinalaman"
},
{
"word": "maalam"
},
{
"word": "magbigay-alam"
},
{
"word": "magkaalaman"
},
{
"word": "makaalam"
},
{
"word": "makialam"
},
{
"word": "makipag-alam"
},
{
"word": "malaman"
},
{
"word": "mapag-alaman"
},
{
"word": "mapakialam"
},
{
"word": "nakaaalam"
},
{
"word": "nakakaalam"
},
{
"word": "pagbibigay-alam"
},
{
"word": "pagbigay-alaman"
},
{
"word": "pagbigyang-alam"
},
{
"word": "pagkaalam"
},
{
"word": "pagkakaalam"
},
{
"word": "pagmaalaman"
},
{
"word": "pagmamaalam"
},
{
"word": "pakialam"
},
{
"word": "pakialaman"
},
{
"word": "pakialamera"
},
{
"word": "pakialamero"
},
{
"word": "pakikipag-alam"
},
{
"word": "sumakaalaman"
},
{
"word": "umalam"
},
{
"word": "walang-kinalaman"
},
{
"word": "walang-nalalaman"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "alam"
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"expansion": "Hiligaynon alam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"3": "alam",
"4": "",
"5": "nature; world; experience",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "ar",
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"t": "world, universe"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "arc",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "he",
"3": "עוֹלָם",
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "akk",
"3": "𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀",
"ts": "ellamu, illamu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/)",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "pengalaman"
},
"expansion": "Malay pengalaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r"
},
"expansion": "⟨r⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "l"
},
"expansion": "⟨l⟩",
"name": "angbr"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Central Philippine *adam (“wise; intelligent; experienced”) according to Zorc (1979). Compare Hanunoo alam, Asi ayam, Central Bikol aram, Aklanon aeam, Hiligaynon alam, Waray-Waray aram.\nAlternatively, possibly borrowed from Malay alam (“nature; world; experience”), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Malay pengalaman. However, Wolff (1976) argued that the Philippine cognates make this connection less likely because the consonants such as ⟨r⟩ in the place of ⟨l⟩ would not be expected.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alám",
"tags": [
"canonical"
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},
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"form": "ᜀᜎᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
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"b": "+"
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],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"hyphenations": [
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"parts": [
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}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "malim"
},
{
"word": "ulama"
}
],
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"singular"
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},
{
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"form": "alamlaringizni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamingizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "alamlaringizdek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alam (plural alamlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "uz-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz-noun",
"st": "",
"type": ""
},
"name": "uz-inflection"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Uzbek entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Uzbek entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Uzbek entries with etymology texts",
"Uzbek entries with etymon",
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek nouns",
"Uzbek terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Uzbek terms derived from Arabic"
],
"glosses": [
"flag"
],
"links": [
[
"flag",
"flag"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "sit-aao-pro",
"3": "*lam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central Naga *lam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*lum",
"t": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“to be warm”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of a root lam (see also related terms), from Proto-Central Naga *lam, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“to be warm”). Bruhn fails to detect this word family in Yimkhiung.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yim",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yimchungru Naga",
"lang_code": "yim",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lamlam"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yimchungru Naga entries with incorrect language header",
"Yimchungru Naga lemmas",
"Yimchungru Naga nouns",
"Yimchungru Naga terms derived from Proto-Central Naga",
"Yimchungru Naga terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
],
"glosses": [
"warmth"
],
"links": [
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "alam"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alam meaning in All languages combined (48.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜮᜫ᜴",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Hanunoo",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'similative'",
"path": [
"alam"
],
"section": "Uzbek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alam",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.